When it comes to women’s health, few topics are as important — or as intertwined — as ovarian and breast can.cer. While they are two distinct types of can.cer, research has shown that they are closely connected through genetics, hormones, and family history. Understanding this link can help women take proactive steps in prevention, screening, and early treatment.
Shared Genetic Risks: BRCA1 and BRCA2
One of the strongest connections between ovarian and breast cancer lies in our DNA. Mutations in two specific genes — BRCA1 and BRCA2 — significantly increase the risk of developing both cancers.
- Women with a BRCA1 mutation face up to a 72% lifetime risk of breast cancer and a 44% risk of ovarian cancer.
- Women with a BRCA2 mutation have about a 69% risk of breast cancer and a 17% risk of ovarian cancer.
These mutations are inherited, meaning they can be passed down through families. If close relatives have had ovarian or breast cancer — especially at a young age — genetic testing may be recommended.
Hormonal Factors
Estrogen, a hormone involved in many female body processes, also plays a role in the development of both cancers. Long-term exposure to estrogen — such as starting menstruation early, late menopause, or hormone replacement therapy — can raise the risk.
Family History: Why It Matters
A woman with a first-degree relative (mother, sister, or daughter) with breast cancer has nearly double the risk of developing it herself. Similarly, having a family history of ovarian cancer increases an individual’s likelihood of that disease. Because these cancers sometimes run together in families, a strong history of breast cancer can also suggest increased ovarian cancer risk — and vice versa.
Screening and Early Detection
Early-stage ovarian cancer is notoriously hard to detect because symptoms (like bloating or pelvic pain) are often vague. In contrast, breast cancer has more effective screening options such as mammography and breast MRI.
For women with BRCA mutations or a strong family history, doctors may recommend:
- Starting breast cancer screening at a younger age
- Annual breast MRIs in addition to mammograms
- Pelvic exams, transvaginal ultrasounds, or CA-125 blood tests to monitor ovarian health
- Risk-reducing surgeries (such as prophylactic mastectomy or removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes) to dramatically lower cancer risk
Prevention and What You Can Do
While you can’t change your genetics, there are steps to reduce your risk:
- Know your family history. Talk to relatives about any cases of breast, ovarian, or related cancers.
- Consider genetic counseling. If cancers run in your family, a counselor can help decide whether genetic testing for BRCA or other mutations is right for you.
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, limiting alcohol, and keeping a healthy weight can lower breast cancer risk.
- Discuss preventative options with your doctor. Medications or surgeries may be appropriate for high-risk women.
The Bottom Line
Breast and ovarian cancer are deeply connected through genetics, family history, and hormonal pathways. Awareness of this link is empowering — because it puts the power of prevention and early detection into your hands. By understanding your personal risk and talking openly with healthcare providers, you can make informed decisions to protect your health and potentially save your life.
Ladies, your health is your best asset. Share this information with the women you love — it could make all the difference.
